Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

At the point when they were attempting to discover somebody to give this discourse they initially asked the most astute, keen individual they could discover. However, she turned them down. So then they asked the most excellent, exquisite, appealing individual they could discover. She likewise turned them down. Next they asked the most delightful, best, kindest, most true individual they could discover. At that point I concluded it is inconsiderate to turn them down multiple times in succession, so here I am. What number of individuals here like tomato soup? Please, lift your hand in the event that you like tomato soup. Alright, bless your heart. That was an extremely basic inquiry, you either like it or you don't. I wish secondary school had been that simple. In any case, as we as a whole know, it wasn't. As the National Honor Society speaker, you most likely anticipate that me should talk about something insightful, however I'm not....

A Solution that Impacts essays

A Solution that Impacts papers Gandhi is likely the most notable peaceful dissident all things considered, trailed by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Lords sees on peacefulness are all to clear in his I Have a Dream discourse, where King stated, We should not permit our innovative dissent to decline into physical viciousness. Another section of a similar discourse stated, We should always direct our battle on the high plane of nobility and order, which shows that King didnt need his devotees to lead undignified, rough fights (VanderMey). Ruler realized that on the off chance that the fights they drove were savage, at that point the police would simply come and capture the dissenters and use savagery against them, though in the event that nonconformists utilized peacefulness and, at that point the police utilized viciousness the general population would find out about the occasion and become intrigued or if nothing else thoughtful. These peaceful fights were are as yet powerful because of the quiet way utilized in atte mpting to work circumstances out and think of an end. The main peaceful dissent that King drove was the Montgomery transport blacklist. This began with Rosa Parks capture. Most everybody is aware of this occasion, yet not all realize that it lead to Martin Luther King, Jr.s dynamic job in fights for African American social equality. With the accomplishment of the transport blacklist, King understood the requirement for an approach to join all blacks for social equality. He set out to sort out the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, or the SCLC, which permitted blacks to accumulate and talk about issues just as set up a base for King to talk in the south (Martin). Afterward, in 1960, King moved to Atlanta to lecture at a similar church as his dad. This spot permitted King to devote more opportunity to the social liberties development and to the SCLC. Another dissent of significance is the one for integration of lunch counters. Understudies requested that King bolster them, and them the police captured King just as others. From pris on in Birmingham, King composed a let... <!

Capacity Building as an International Response to Cybercrime Assignment

Limit Building as an International Response to Cybercrime - Assignment Example From the srudy discoveries unmistakably advancements utilized by individuals all around are required to be sorted out for better utilization regarding social thought. It is obvious that Information and correspondence innovation (ICT) has been quickly changed in the course of recent decades particularly in the northern and southern districts of the world attributable to which various advancement has been seen in different areas. Strikingly, the advancement of ICT has developed the selections of individuals, which further helped them towards individual and expert development. This conversation focuses on that cybercrimes are offenses against PC frameworks, which are directed inside or through PC systems. It influences the security alongside the privileges of the individuals living in a general public and on the hand, it further fortifying the nearness of wrongdoing inside a general public. It has been broke down that cybercrime raised significant hazard for foundation to which the individuals in a general public are needy that further effect the part of security and trust in a negative way. Cybercrime is a specific wrongdoing that is led with the utilization or inside PCs and web systems. It is viewed by legitimate authority as a culpable wrongdoing and is one of the significant issues to be settled in the contemporary situation. Cybercrime is additionally frequently viewed as PC wrongdoing, which include the utilization of PC, as a specific instrument to direct criminal operations, for example, misrepresentation, youngster erotic entertainment and unappr oved access or harm of other’s property among others.

Art and culture of Orissa Essay

Orissa brags of a rich and lively social legacy normally brought about by a long history of various leaders of fluctuated social and masterful tendencies. Further juncture of racial streams has additionally enhanced the workmanship, specialty and culture of Orissa undoubtedly. Orissa is especially well known for its metal work, silver work, earthenware workmanship objects and appliquã © work, other than its special handloom. The way of life of Orissa, India, makes for an intriguing investigation. Arranged along the Bay of Bengal coast, Orissa is an Indian express that embodies the one of a kind and honorable mix of old magnificence and present day activity. Orissa is where nature spreads out her one of the most beauteous angles. Immaculate sea shores, streams, lovely cascades and magnificent slopes all contribute in emphasizing the intrigue of the state as a famous vacationer goal. The way of life of Orissa likewise produces significant enthusiasm among both the residential and the outside voyagers. Orissa is to a great extent rustic and the customary qualities that are as yet held structure an indispensable part of the Orissa culture. Orissa’s vital land area has incited the digestion of the way of life of the Aryans and the Dravidians. The way of life of Orissa can in all likelihood be portrayed as an Indo-social amalgamation. Orissa workmanship and specialty comprises a significant part of the way of life of Orissa. The specialty of Orissa experienced horde changes and is a result of various absorptions and imbibitions. Orissa is known for its sand expressions, Patta Chitra, Palm Leaf Paintings, Jhoti, Chita and Muruja. The Orissan craftsmen are top notch in their aptitude. Orissa brags of a wonderful custom of move and music. The dolls of artists and artists gracing the dividers of the curious sanctuaries in Orissa say a lot about the rich melodic legacy of the state. Odissi music is the old style craftsmanship that has assimilated the components basic to the Hindustani and Karnatik music. The Odissi move, Chhau Dance, Mahari move, the jatra, pala and Daskarhia include an inseparable piece of the way of life of Orissa. Theâ sacred environs of Lord Jagannath sanctuary, the suggestion of Konark’s Sun sanctuary, the wondrous buckles of Jainism, the mysterious religious communities of Buddhism, the canvases of old stories and the weaver’s enchantment; all remain as docile confirmations of an expressive past and proceeding with brilliant present of Orissa. FAIRS AND FESTIVALS Other than commending the significant celebrations like Dusshera, Durga Puja, Diwali and Holi, Orissa likewise has its a lot of various celebrations celebrated with skip and vivacity. The most noticeable Puri celebration includes Rath Yatra, Chandan Yatra and Devasnana purnima. While the Puri Beach celebration is a great darlings fest, the Konark Dance celebration denotes a befitting tribute to the heavenly Sun sanctuary at Konark.

A Hanging Prose Analysis - Literature Essay Samples

George Orwell, most reputable for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949) uses his signature transparent writing style to record a personal anecdote of ‘A Hanging’ conducted in a Burmese prison camp where he worked during the British colonial era. Though not explicitly stated, the narrative demonstrates the process of cyclic desensitization towards acts of injustice due to purposeful self-blinding combined with subconscious effect from embedded societal norms. Orwell shows his recognition of these processes evolve over the course of the narrative through use of characters and metonyms. Despite the recount presenting non-fiction events as they happened from beginning to end structure, Orwell’s piece displays literary techniques used to ‘move’ his readers, thus making it a work of power over knowledge. From the first paragraph onward, it is immediately noticeable how withdrawn the workers of the penal institution were from the detained prisoners. â€Å"We were waiting outside the condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, like small animal cages. These were the condemned men, due to be hanged within the next week or two.† This extract suggests that the captives were identified to the writer merely as animals raised for slaughter (p.1.). Orwell also shows that the prisoners’ poor treatment was indifferent to him through the fact that he displays their bad living circumstances but never comments on them, a point further supported through the introduction of the main protagonist. Despite the convicted man being destined for death, Orwell only reports his central figure’s physical appearance, â€Å"He was a Hindu, a puny wisp of a man, with a shaven head and vague liquid eyes†¦ thick, sprouting moustache, absurdly too big for his body.† The writer clearly shows his lack of concern towards ‘who’ he was guiding to death by never mentioning insight on the felon’s thoughts or what he was convicted of (p.1.). If Orwell was raised with morals against killing and did not know the prisoner’s crime, then it can be inferred that the author’s disregard towards his prisoner may have been shaped by his own self-numbing mechanisms, along with what the law he enforced communicated as ‘wrong’ and ‘right.’ Running off the Darwinist theory of evolution, the mentality of the imperialist era was that Anglo-Saxons were the sovereign race. Being upper-class Europeans, no-doubt this ideology impacted the writer and his colleagues, namely the Superintendent who stated upon looking at the time, â€Å"For God’s sake hurry up, Francis,’ he said irritably. ‘The man ought to have been dead by this time. Aren’t you ready yet?† Orwell makes known the superintendent’s previous profession as an army doctor and combined with his high rank, he was assumedly the most versed in witnessing death. It is not a shock that this character was virtually numb to sensitivity over the matter as displayed in his harsh dialogue (p.1.). Thus, being an example of the extent a human can detach from emotions towards killing. The next symbolic character featured however, is free from the imprint of the westernized caste system and therefore makes an interpretation of the prisoner w ithout bias. The first metonym comes in the appearance of â€Å"a large woolly dog, half Airedale, half pariah† on the way to the gallows and creates a light-hearted contradiction to the dark tone previously set (p.2.). â€Å"It came bounding among us with a loud volley of barks, and leapt round us wagging its whole body, wild with glee at finding so many human beings together.† Second to the superintendent, the dog shows the way in which societal hierarchy can affect perspective (p.2.). The animal, not being part of a social system, did not understand what was taking place. In its innocence, it saw not a group of men marching alongside an illegitimate, but a group of men marching. The canine confirms that it saw all of the men as equals when it â€Å"made a dash for the prisoner, and jumping up tried to lick his face.† Despite the dog’s interruption of the formal procession, Orwell continues to illustrate the prisoner’s death march as a seamless process unlike that of a murder (p.2.). The description of the detainee’s systematic walking illustrates that everything was operating in a ‘business as usual’ fashion. â€Å"At each step his muscles slid neatly into place, the lock of hair on his scalp danced up and down, his feet printed themselves on the wet gravel.† It was not until the subject actively avoided walking through a puddle that the author began to view the impending hanging as a heinous act about to take place instead of a job or standard procedure to be dealt with(p.2.). The prisoner stepping aside to miss the puddle is a curious action to perform while walking to one’s death and serves as a moral climax to Orwell who then realises, â€Å"what it means to destroy a healthy, conscious man. When I saw the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle, I saw the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide. This man was not dying, he was alive just as we were alive.† Through witnessing that this man, who seemed so invalid, was still able to perform basic actions of reasoning, the author was able to identify the prisoner correspondingly to the dog’s temperament, stating, â€Å"He and we were a party of men walking together, seeing, hearing, feeling, understanding the same world; and in two minutes with a sudden snap, one of us would be gone — one mind less, one world less.† Similarly, to how the puddle affected Orwell personally, the lynching itself clearly impacts other participants (p. 2.). Even though hangings occurred weekly, the author displayed that the prisoner’s â€Å"reiterated cry of ‘Ram! Ram! Ram! Ram!† to his god, was disturbing to workers (except the superintendent) who shared the opinion of, â€Å"get it over, stop that abominable noise!† The moment of the drop acts as the physical climax in the piece and the negative affect this particular hanging had on the prison guards can be seen through the text, â€Å"Everyone had changed colour. The Indians had gone grey like bad coffee, and one or two of the bayonets were wavering.† Orwell mentions that after witnessing the atrocities of mankind even the dog â€Å"retreated into a corner of the yard, where it stood among the weeds, looking timorously out at us.† Whether the workers began to see the same traits in the prisoner that Orwell saw or they were simply shocked by the man’s unusual cries, all of the characters evidently felt disturbed (p.3.). This point can be further confirmed by the men celebrating amongst each other to reaffirm that what they had done was okay. The celebration signals an end to the narrative but doubles as the beginning of a new desensitization cycle in preparation for the next week. It is obvious through multiple lines in the text that they all wanted to distract themselves not only by drinking, but also by garrulously laughing for minor reasons, â€Å"Several people laughed — at what, nobody seemed certain†¦. I found that I was laughing quite loudly. Everyone was laughing†¦. We all began laughing again. At that moment, Francis’s anecdote seemed extraordinarily funny.† Through all of this unnecessary laughter and questionable ‘happiness’ shown by the workers, the author is presenting the prison staff numbing guilt and reassuring the actions of peers (p.4.). The writer’s last words, â€Å"The dead man was a hundred yards away† display that the underlying issue was physically out of sight and mentally out of mind thus signalling a new ‘cycle’ beginning (p .4.). In conclusion Orwell’s use of symbols such as characters, the puddle, the hanging itself and the celebration are effective in demonstrating the way in which humans purposefully blind themselves from transgressions of their own and of the people around them in order to accept actions that go against their core beliefs and values. Orwell’s seemingly concise writing style shares a double meaning to convey the writer’s own beliefs as if it were a work of knowledge, but because of this second agenda, ‘A Hanging’ can be identified as a work of power.

Ethical Matters Related With Stem Cell Research - 1375 Words

The Ethical Matters Related With Stem Cell Research (Essay Sample) Content: The Ethical Matters Related With Stem Cell ResearchNameInstitutionThe Ethical Matters Related with Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has had a series of changes and developments since the scientists and researchers noted the probabilities of not only saving lives through the propagation of stem cells, but also the possibilities of genetically engineering organisms from favored stem cells. In consideration, stem cells are biological cells found in complex organisms and have not gone through the differentiation stage. In addition, it is possible to differentiate them into specialized cells and tissues through initiated mitosis to produce more cells. Scientists identify two distinct categories of stem cells namely embryonic and adult stem cells. The extraction of these cells presents the major challenge that researchers and developers are apt to face in employing this technology. Stem cell technology combines the efforts of geneticists, cell biologists and clinician s in a bold move aimed at developing curative measures for different diseases. Development of stem cell technology is traceable in the early nineteenth century. The first bone marrow transplant occurred effectively in 1968 paving way for further developments in the years that followed. Later in 1997, scientists discovered that Leukemia originated from the hematopoietic stems cells. Significant developments in stem cell technology occurred in 1998 after Thompson managed to isolate cells from the inner cell mass of select embryos to develop the first embryonic stem cell. In addition to this, scientists identified that they could use mouse tissues to produce different stem cells if manipulated. The results of these discoveries have thus influenced not only the development of stem cell research procedures but have also formed the basis of criticism against stem cell technology. Research in stem cell technology has registered significant milestones in the recent past albeit against an a rray of criticism from different groups. The major reasons for the controversy are therefore based on the definition of when life begins. It is important to note the controversy stems from the need to have scientists avoid the creation of human and other organisms through stem cells. On the contrary, it is notable that these critics do not have any reasons to criticize the use of stem cell technology in treatment of health conditions. Lanza (2009) notes that the criticism emanates from the question as to whether individuals should consider a blastocyst to be a human being. Scientists acknowledge that a number of ethical issues affect the stem cell technology. These aspects are arguably the sources of the growing criticism and controversy the process has attracted. The developments in stem cell extractions and the applications in cloning are identifiable as other contributing factors. The application of stem cell technology involved the use of primate cells. Following the developme nts in primate research, researchers have subsequently used human subjects in studies and further development of stem cell procedures. Religious groupings especially the main stream churches have voiced their concern over the extraction of human tissues and their subsequent use in the development of other tissues citing negation of human rights and also going against the dictates of the bible. In essence, critics point out that the destruction of the blastocyst during the extraction of embryonic stem cells is the root source of the controversy surrounding stem cell technology (Thomas, 2013). This is because researchers consider the blastocyst a living organism even though it is in the early stages of development. Scholars have studied the potential medical applications of the technology in recent past. Notably, there are a number of groups that implore scientists to hasten research in stem cell research and technology. Stem cell technology has a wide range of applications in medici ne. According to Sarkar (2009), the advancement in the stem cell technology has brought together different disciplines and resulted in the creation of procedures of importance in medicine and other engineering processes. For instance, genetic engineering and the application of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology has made it easy for scientists to create a number of cell cultured products. The treatment of some diseases using stem cell technology is traceable to early years of the development of the technology. For example, reports of transplants in bone marrow to cure certain conditions emerged in 1950. The most notable treatment involved correcting blood cell disorders using adult tissues in patients with faulty blood cells. Taken into consideration, the development and the demand for more regenerative medicine is a specific example of the significant impacts that the technology presents to medicine as a field. This is because regenerative medicine experts have conti nually considered the use of stem cell technology in different corrective measures. It is important to note that diseases such as Parkinsons ailments are curable using advances in stem cell technology, additionally, researchers report having made laudable steps in identifying methods of applying stem cell technology in treating cancer. The paradox in the application of stem cell technology is indeed an interesting aspect in that it is arguably a possible cause of controversy. It is important to observe that that the developments in stem cells extraction and reproduction of different cells have the potential to create equally good and unwarranted effects. One observable aspect of stem cell extraction is that persons can use the cells to save the life of a patient and also aid in creation of desired traits in an organism. However, researchers are capable of extracting the same cells and proceed to develop potentially harmful products based on the tissues from which they obtained the cells. For instance, research notes that individuals can employ the technology to conduct corrective CNS procedures on patients with such disorders (Battler and Leor, 2006). Based on this, it is notable that ethical and moral guiding principles have the potential to hinder effective curative measures. Therefore, the main controversy surrounding stem cell technology stems from the ethical issues associated with the extraction of the cells that later generate the desired cells. Most importantly, scientists acknowledge that these are capable of taking any shape due the fact that they are not fully differentiated. According to Hug and Hermeren (2011), there are two moral issues that researchers and scientists have to choose from. These are the duty to prevent or to ease suffering and the duty of scientists to protect and respect human life. Interestingly, in cases where individuals use the embryonic stem cells, there is possibility to respect the moral principles. The arguments agains t stem cell research and application therefore follow religious teac...

Money Can Buy You Happiness - 936 Words

Many people say that money cant buy you happiness, well I don’t find that to be true. Having a large amount of money has become a dream in many peoples lives. Although money can buy you thing you want to make you happy, happiness is only bought by the people you surround your self with. Many people are convinced that money can buy a person happiness, however most happiness comes from families and friends. Money can buy you happiness because, money can buy you security, stress free, healthcare, and spend it with others. One reason that money can buy you happiness is security. In this world we are living in anything can happen that is why security is a very important to be in part of our lives. Many homes are being robbed into every year. With that extra money you can buy your home happiness by securing it with good security to keep you and your family safe from any harm out side your house. With good security you and your loved ones can enjoy life without having to worry about unsafety issues. If one being is know for his money security outside his or her home is very important. For instance, if someone tries to rob them or do any harm with security they wouldn’t have to worry about it, therefore it brings happiness and safety to the one and the loved one. In addition, information security is very important. When having many Benjamin s securing your information is very necessary needed, so other people cant try to hack in your information. With excellent security it givesShow MoreRelatedMoney Can Buy You Happiness1340 Words   |  6 Pages2016 that amount of money grew tremendously. That shows that many popular people in America donate to charities and help people that are in need. By helping the people that need money that gain more happiness because they did something that would really help a large amount of people. While most people say you don’t need money to be happy. Well, I say that money can buy you happiness. Money can buy you happiness by helping people, don’t have to worry about your finances and you can also live a healthyRead Moremoney can buy you happiness Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Money can buy you happiness. Discuss with references to the theory and some empirical evidence on the issue. The set point theory According to this theory,the individual propensity to happiness is a personal trait of largely genetic origin and influenced by personality.The explanation for the stagnation of happiness is that happiness is a stochastic phenomenon.Chance distributes unequal amounts of happiness among people’s genetic codes ,leaving the average level unchanged. The decreasingRead MoreMoney and Happiness1743 Words   |  7 PagesCan Money Buy Happiness In todays materialistic world, the phrase that ‘money cant buy happiness is tending to be proved hence otherwise. Social research and surveys have shown results based on an individuals income, health and the political scenario which is dominant in his or her region. It is quite obvious that the gap between the privileged and the not so is growing into a great divide giving rise to different class and status, thus defining ones social circle. It should therefore be understoodRead MoreMoney Can Buy Happiness945 Words   |  4 PagesCan money buy you happiness? It is a classical debate, sparked by the left-wing communists and religious leaders who suggest that a person can live a full life without the pursuit of money, and instead one must look to a more spiritual existence above the material desires. It is perhaps conceivable in a century gone by where people grew all their food and believed in witches, that a human could forge a fulfilling existence without the need of money to satisfy our desires. However in today’s societyRead MoreHappiness Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes a person happy? Happiness is an endless path in life. Everyone has a different opinion about what makes them happy. People have always been attentive to the issue of what makes humans happy. However, getting a large amount of money is a pursuit for many people, especially the young generation around the world. In the article, â€Å"Get Happy† by Walter Mosley, he states how, â€Å"Happiness is considered by most to be a subset of wealth† (87). Quote above explains how money is the first thing thatRead MoreMoney Is A Big Part Of Life952 Words   |  4 PagesMoore English Period 1 2/26/15 Money is a big part of life. However, people tend to have a misconception that money contributes to happiness. It is not possible to â€Å"buy happiness. Conversely, everyone should be aware that it is friendships, good health, and family that truly brings one happiness to which a person aspires. In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the concept of money being able to buy happiness is a widespread theme. Money is unable to create a sense of contentmentRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1324 Words   |  6 PagesCan money buy happiness? It’s a philosophical question that has been discussed for centuries and there is no simple answer. For example, Graham Hill in â€Å"Living with Less. A Lot Less† gives his input on this highly debated topic through a multitude of short anecdotes. She asked herself not if â€Å"Money can buy happiness,† but if money could â€Å"help buy happiness† (Rubin 293). She also brings up the idea of modest splurgi ng and spending out as methods of using money to help one buy happiness. Rubin describesRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1110 Words   |  5 PagesCan Money buy Happiness? Money is people’s number one priority. It enables them to purchase food, clothing, and shelter. Money can buy anything with a price on it, but can it buy happiness? Happiness is not an item you can buy, it is something you can feel. Money cannot bring you happiness, only satisfaction. We learn growing up not everything in this world is free. Money can only give you a short term of happiness. When you buy everything you want, you do not have anything to look forwardRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1637 Words   |  7 Pages Does Happiness Come With A Price? Malcom Williams Can Money Buy Happiness? Abstract In this paper, I argue and show various sources addressing the correlations between money and happiness through subjects such as pro-social spending, materialism, the pursuit of spending on others, and the effects of homelessness on physical and mental health. Much of the time, cash can have a negative impact on both, particularly the. Now and again, in any case, cash may positively affect satisfactionRead MoreHappiness Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesHappiness is something that is wanted by almost everyone;people that are rich, and plebeians and some like to assert that they are happy. Everyone has a different way of experiencing happiness or getting happiness. While they try to get happiness even if it will be an ample amount of happiness, they try to avoid being aghast. Some people like clothing or electronics while some like relaxing at vacations where they can be around facetious people and enjoy themselves. Each individual person experiences

Drinking At 18 Legal Or Not - 949 Words

Drinking at 18 legal or not Changing the drinking age from 21 to 18 has been a controversial argument for many years now, Even though every states legal drinking age is 21 there is some states that make certain exceptions in some situations. There is many pros and cons to changing this such as a good thing is some 18 year olds may not binge drink as they do when they turn 21. If 18-20 year olds are allowed to drink in supervised locations such as bars and restaurants it would be a much safer environment rather than say a house party or a fraternity house where there is not any supervision for the most part which could lead to dangerous behavior. Lowering the age would also â€Å"kill the thrill† of drinking underage and trying to not get caught by parents or law enforcement. The problem is that with pros comes cons. I am 20 years old myself and I have been drinking since I was 17, I have many friends who are not able to handle there alcohol and I have been drinking with them for a few years. The problem with that is that some younger teens like myself tend to binge drink at party’s to impress themselves or each other which can lead to alcohol poisoning, throwing up, dangerous decisions such as driving drunk and fighting. Lowering the legal drinking age could also lower the age that underage teens drink down to middle school or younger years of high school since it would be so easy to obtain. In the next segment of my paper I will talk about the pros followed by the cons andShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be 18957 Words   |  4 Pages On the topic of the appropriate legal drinking ago, I stand firm on the belief that the legal drinking age should be 18. In every other aspect in America, an 18 year old person is considered an adult, legally and morally. So why aren’t these adults allowed to legally drink? 18 year old adults are permitted live on their own, vote, gamble, purchase cigarettes, and fight in a war. There is not denying the fact that teenagers are exposed to drinking prior to their 18th birthday, and many drinkRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age: 18 or 21?1770 Words   |  8 Pages When someone turns 18 they acquire certain rights. They can vote for legislation, enroll in the military and buy a house. Before 1984, they were also allowed to buy alcohol.   This all changed when President Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. This act stated that the drinking age would change to 21 and it has remained that way since. There has been controversy on the effectiveness of the law because most people drink before they turn 21. Which side is right? Was ReaganRead MoreLowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18 Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesLowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18 Sarah, an eighteen-year-old college freshman, walks into a convenience store and moves timidly to the back, hoping that no one she knows will see her. Opening the refrigerator door, she pulls out a chilled case of Coors Light. Sarah nervously approaches the cashier, with her fake ID ready to be shown, and places the case of beer on the counter. Upon first sight, the cashier assumes that Sarah is not of legal age to buy beer, because she is petite and looksRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be 18 Essay677 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Did you know that in the year 1980 the legal drinking age was only 18? In 1987 there was a law passed that said in order to drink legally and to buy alcohol a person had to be 21. At the age of 18 people are allowed to buy tobacco, vote, get married without parental consent, and even join the armed forces, so why can’t some one who is 18 by alcohol. This is a question I have; I believe that the legal drinking age should be 18. Dr. Ruth Engs, a professor of Applied Heath Sciences atRead MoreShould the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered to 18?590 Words   |  2 PagesUnderage Drinking Age Position Paper Drinking is a serious problem in America. The current legal age is 21. But some people seem to disagree. Should the legal drinking age be lowered to 18? It’s a question that has been thrown around for years. I believe that the legal drinking age should stay at 21. There are so many more benefits and responsibilities you have at age 21. You don’t fully mature until you’re at least 20 years old. The amount of underage drinking fatalities that happen every yearRead MoreEssay on The Legal Drinking Age Should Be 181540 Words   |  7 Pagesminimum drinking age in this country sometimes seem ridiculous and unnecessary. In this paper, I will discuss why certain laws are unfair and I will provide alternatives to certain problems concerning underage drinking and binge drinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let?s face it, no matter what laws the government enforces to cut down on underage drinking, it is commonplace and happens everywhere from grade school through high school and predominantly in college. The government is looking to stop teen drinking ratherRead MoreEssay about Drinking Alcohol at 18 Must Be Legal791 Words   |  4 PagesDrinking at 18 Must Be Legal    Imagine being a Freshmen at a University. Where do you go at night and on the weekends to have fun and hang out with your friends? Like most, you probably go to a local bar to hear a band play or listen to a DJ for a few hours and return home to your dorm room or apartment. Maybe you have a few drinks, maybe you dont. Either way, you have a good time and look forward to doing it again the next week. You and I, as well as most other college students, find noRead MoreTo Lower or Not to Lower the Legal Drinking Age to 18, That Is the Question881 Words   |  4 Pagesthat binge drinking is on the rise among college students (Eisenberg n.p.). With an increase of alcohol consumption by underage drinkers, it only seems logical to lower the drinking age to prevent binge drinking, however there are far more consequences to be seen. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will not solve the binge drinking problem among college students but will cause more problems. In this paper I will explain the r eason why lowering the drinking age will not stop binge drinking and the adverseRead MoreMicroeconomics Essay- Suppose the Government Raises the Legal Drinking Age in the Uk from 18 to 21. Conduct an Economic Analysis of This Policy to Examine Its Impact on Affected Markets.1260 Words   |  6 PagesSuppose the government raises the legal drinking age in the UK from 18 to 21. Conduct an economic analysis of this policy to examine its impact on affected markets. With reference to the above statement, if the UK government were to increase the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 there are two markets that would mainly be affected- the producers, which is the alcohol industry as a whole and the consumers who are the UK citizens between the age of 18 and 21. A market is a group of buyers and sellersRead MoreShould The Legal Alcohol Age Be Changed?1560 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction To fight for our country at the age of 18 and seeing things that only you could imagine in the battlefield. Coming home from deployment and just wanting a simple beer for your hard work but not being able to buy any because you are not 21 years of age. How is that fair to the men in the military forces? Fighting for our country’s freedom but not being able to have a few beers with your closest friends and family members. The topic of the legal alcohol age being changed has been a great topic

Persuasive Essay On The Monster - 1002 Words

Monsters, the creatures of the night who prey on our fear. The ones who have no sense of emotion and lack the ability to show remorse. The big, the bad, and the ugly that lurks within all of us. The term â€Å"monster† has been around for centuries, throughout the years the view on monsters has changed, but the one thing that has stayed the same is the fact that we have always viewed them as something negative. We view monsters as evil and scary. Personally, I think of blood and murder when I hear the word monster. A monster brings out our darkest and weakest sides, whether it’s the anger that they cause or the fear they bring upon us. The term monster can be defined in many different ways, depending on how we view them, but I feel like the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Walking Dead† does an excellent job showing us how the world would be if there was ever a zombie apocolypse, the show gives us feelings of suspense and provides very gruesome images. â⠂¬Å"The Vampire Diaries† and â€Å"Teen Wolf† both take a very different route by showing us everyday people who turn into creatures such as vampires and werewolves. A big reason why pop culture is obsessed with these shows is because they allow us to release our inner monster and yell â€Å"kill them† and â€Å"I hate them† at our TV screen. Pop culture is obsessed with monster stories because we’re obsessed with feeling of being cool. Being able to say that we watched the latest scary movie or read the latest scary book makes us feel superior because it shows that we’re brave. I feel like monster stories are more popular now because we are able to go to events such as Comic Con and meet these villains, creatures, and monsters. As a child I viewed monsters as fictional and imaginary. Cujo was the biggest monster to me as a child. He was a sweet st bernard who turned into a killer canine after being bitten by a bat. He turned very aggressive and held a mother and her son hostage in a car, he was constantly trying to kill them. To this day, I am absolutely terrified of all dogs, I believe that no dog is truly nice and that they all have an evil side. I used to let my imagination take over at night and I was afraid to sleep with my closet door open because I believed that there wasShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein - Narratives of Seduction Essay example997 Words   |  4 Pages Frankenstein:nbsp;nbsp;Narratives of Seductionnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; The following essay is concerned with the frame structure in Mary Shelley`s Frankenstein and its’ functions as it is suggested by Beth Newman`s Narratives of seduction and the seduction of narratives.nbsp; To start with, the novel Frankenstein is a symmetrically built frame narrative with a story at its center. This is not always the case with frame structured novels, as there are examplesRead MoreShould Vere Be Considered a Hero in Billy Budd by Herman Melville695 Words   |  3 PagesBilly, filled with animosity, retaliates by striking Claggart and accidentally murders the man. The ship’s captain, Vere, summons a drumhead court-martial in fear of a mutiny bursting in any second. Vere follows the rule and have Billy hanged. In the essays of Charles Reich and Robert Martin, they claim that the decisions of the captain was wrongful. They are in the right mindset to believe that Billy shouldnt had been killed. In â€Å" Is Vere a Hero?† Robert Martin argues that Vere should not be regardedRead MorePower Relations Between Men And Women Using Shoshanna And Frederick s Cafe Scene From The Film Inglourious Basterds Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesmany ways. Some ideas of power are naturalised within our media, and become parts of our everyday lives. These discourses, or the way these messages are constructed (Burr, 46), are analysed to see what the message is, and how it is conveyed. In this essay, I shall examine the power relations between men and women using Shoshanna and Frederick’s cafà © scene from the film Inglourious Basterds (Quentin Tarantino, 2009). Within their gendered power relations, I shall also look at the relation between beingRead MoreUnreliable Narrator1567 Words   |  7 Pagesare two narrator in Frankenstein were considered as unreliable, Robert Walton, an Arctic seafarer whose narrated his part with the letters for his sister in the beginning and the end of the story; Victor Frankenstein, a talented scientist created a monster whose narrated most portion of the story. Robert Walton, who captained a North Pole bound ship, was a very good friend of Victor Frankenstein. Saying a good would be too neutral, the relationship between them would be more accurately to be admirationRead MoreTheme Themes In Lord Of The Flies716 Words   |  3 Pages Golding Theme Essay The author of the book Lord of the Flies, William Golding published this loss of innocence fiction novel post World War II. During this time, the Nazi’s were being heavily criticized by the public for supporting Hitler’s evil ways. In this allegory Golding’s central theme is depicted in this excerpt, â€Å"It was simply what seemed sensible for me to write after the war when everyone was thanking God we weren’t Nazis† (Golding). This theme is an accurate representation of the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Box Man1242 Words   |  5 PagesHumanity of the Homeless The Box Man is an essay written by Barbara Ascher that addresses and criticizes how American society does not give homeless people the respect they deserve. In the essay, Ascher describes a night of the life of an average homeless man. Ascher accomplishes this by using her character the Box Man to represent the homeless people of America and to display how society sees the homeless. Barbara Ascher’s The Box Man utilizes thoughtfully chosen diction, preciseRead MoreIlluminati Paper Persuasive1717 Words   |  7 PagesManar khateeb Mr. Carli Persuasive (Final Draft) Com 102 6:30 March 20, 2011 The Illuminati The illuminati are a secret society that infiltrated government to rule the world. It all started in Bavaria on May 1st 1776 by group of European higher ups lead by Adam Weishaupt. Adams philosophy was that the Illuminati should one day rule the world with a one world government, or a new world order. Adam Weishaupt said, â€Å"The great strength of our order lies in its concealment, let it never appear inRead MoreWealth and Poverty: A Study on Communism and the Communist Manifesto1647 Words   |  7 Pagescareful scrutiny for cracks if its foundation is built on shifting soil. In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx addresses each of the popular objections people have, or had, towards communism. This essay seeks to explain whether he deals fairly with them all, and whether his arguments are, in the end, persuasive to a reader from an opposing position. Also, it shall attempt to give reasons why communism fails in accomplishing its purpose. Though Marx addresses many of the obje ctions against communismRead MoreWhat Is Reincarnation, Green Knight?1237 Words   |  5 Pages What is reincarnation, green knight (THESIS)Before we commence we need to garner more incontrovertible evidence that metempsychosis exists. But for the purpose of this essay I ought to elucidate metempsychosis through the diaphanous eyes of those who witnessed it, and the subtle dichotomies between the king Arthur myth and a myriad of other stories that has pervaded the minds of millions. One of the prevalent notion that a multitudinousRead MoreThe Romantic Movement Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1934 Words   |  8 Pagesthese principles are extremely apparent in Shelley’s writing of Frankenstein, which is considered the best gothic horror novel in that century, for reasons such as the concept of dangerous knowledge and Victor’s actions of raising the dead (Critical Essays The Romantic Movement). Mary Shelley is famous for being the author of Frankenstein, a book considered to be one of the best gothic horror novels ever. It all started while traveling through Switzerland, when Mary attended a party hosted by Lord Byron

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal - 1997 Words

Marriage, by definition, is the legally or formally recognized union of a man and a Woman (or, in some jurisdictions, two people of the same sex) as partners in a relationship. In some cases, marriage between two people of the same sex is more commonly known as gay marriage. Here in the United States of America, it is believed that every citizen should have inalienable rights, yet LGBTQ communities are constantly denied of their human rights as an American. Due to their sexual orientation, they are discriminated and gay marriage is viewed as inhumane. Whether a person is Caucasian, Negro, gay, straight, transgender or queer, they need to be given all equal rights as citizens of the United States. In fact, as of October 21, 2014, same-sex marriage has been legalized in thirty-two states in the United States: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Washington, Maine, Maryland, California, Delaware, Rhode Island, Minnesota, New Jersey, Hawaii, New Mexico, Ore gon, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Oklahoma, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, Colorado, Nevada, West Virginia, North Carolina, Idaho, Alaska, Arizona and Wyoming (â€Å"Gay Marriage Pros and Cons† (2014). There are several reasons as to why people are against the legalization of same-sex marriage, yet the three most prominent are the possibility in the rise of divorce rates, the possible legalization of all marriage, and the development of a child in a same-sex partnership household (â€Å"Gay Marriage ProsShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. 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There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of people in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal pr otections, such asRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage because

Concert Review Paper free essay sample

I had the pleasure of attending an Indies pop concert by the band Two Door Cinema Club. The concert occurred on a late Friday evening at the Fox Theater in Pomona. When I arrived at the theater, I did not expect there to be as many people as there were. I imagined that because the band was associated as Indies, the venue would not have been entirely sold out. The line to get In was very long as it wrapped around the block and it took close to an hour to gain entry.Right I as I stepped into the theater, I took note of how fast people were rushing to get a good view to see the performance. The seating was structured as all standing and there was a second floor balcony. My ticket was ground floor only there was a pit closer to the stage and a raised area behind the pit. Sam Holiday, guitarist, wore a casual shirt and unofficial band member Ben Thompson, drummer, dressed more casually with his black tee. Two Door Cinema Club, in my opinion, have very interesting performance practices. All their songs have a limited amount of parts to them.For instance, there is a riff for each art of the song (verse, chorus, and bridge) and there are no variations to said parts. Usually the introduction of their songs contains the melody and is thus played in the chorus. Furthermore, their use of only three different parts in their songs, to me, classifies them as pop. Pop songs do indeed have little changes to them as they stay within a small, unchanged structure. Interestingly, the band is considered pop and the guitar riffs that they play range from intermediate to advanced difficulty.What also catches the attention of listeners is their very memorable lyrics as the chorus, and also title of the song, is sung often and repeatedly. Examples include: l Can Talk (analyzed later), Sleep Alone, This Is the Life, and Changing of the Seasons. Lastly, the instrumentation for the band includes: two guitars (rhythm/lead), bass, drums, keyboard, and synthesizer. The song Next Year (2012) was performed later on in their performance. Was quite taken away with how it is played. Next Year began with a synthesizer playing with the drums entering at 0:07. For the aforementioned section, the synthesizer only occurs during the introduction and the start of the bridge. The lyrics enter at :23 and then at 0:37 the guitar, drums, and bass enter. The tempo for the chorus is allegretto and the chorus is played in andante. Tremble is singing but is also playing the keyboard during the first chorus. After the first chorus is finished, the lead guitar trill picks a transitional piece into the second verse. By the second chorus though he switches over to playing rhythm guitar. Also, the tempo changes from andante to allegretto for the second chorus. Allegretto then becomes the sole tempo for the rest of the song excluding the bridge. The bridge consists of the repeating of the synthesizer piece and the emulation of the keyboard chords that the singer was playing earlier. The song is structured as follows: intro, verse 1 , chorus, verse 2, chorus, bridge, chorus, and coda (which is just the chorus being sung again). The remainder of the song still contains the guitar(s) playing the same riff only the bass is playing different notes giving the song a different feel as before.The bands song l Can Talk (2010) was performed somewhere in the middle of the concert. This particular song used more vocal nuances than any other song performed. It starts out with an automated voice saying, Ah-Oh-Ah-Ah-Oh in he introduction. Another voice is added repeating, Hey, he)/ twice followed by the band playing allegro and the vocal nuances being sung underneath. The melody is introduced when the band enters; this section is also played in the choruses. The lead guitarist is once again trill picking in the melody while the rhythm guitar is playing chords.During the verses, Tremble is singing with the drums and synthesizer as accompaniment for the first ten seconds. The guitars then play chords in stop time with delay. The chorus is played again and followed by the bridge/interlude. The bridge is an instrumental section hat sounds like more of a jam session. Polyphony is evident because both guitars are playing two different riffs at the same time with the base playing its own line. There is then a sudden pause after the bridge to add drama to the piece. The whole crowd cheers crazily and then the band finishes off the song with one final chorus.The song titled What You Know (2010) is the bands most popular song and the final one that they played. This one was played a lot more different from its original recording introductory wise. Tremble began singing the chorus a capable in an attempt to get the crowd to ins along. This clearly worked as everyone in the theater began singing too. Tremble then started adding chords to his singing and playing on different beats in order to set up for the actual performance of the song. After this little play to the crowd, the band actually starts the song.It begins with the singer/ guitarist playing the chord progression of Am, F, and C (though not in that order). These are the only chords that are played throughout the whole song. The drum is playing the toms at the introduction and then adds chickpeas and snare to the mixture at 0:07. Once again, the melody/chorus is the introduction of the song. The lead guitar riff is based on the Aeolian Scale. The note that is played on the 1 7th fret Of the guitar is outside the scale and adds dissonance. The bass line is syncopated during the introduction and chorus.During the bridge and verses, however, the bass is now playing in relation to the singers voice (verses) and the guitar (bridge). The singer is simply strumming the aforementioned chords and having them sustain during the verses. Meanwhile, the lead guitar is playing within the same scale just on different frets. The bridge is different since the lead guitarist is playing quick lick and then playing a power chord (the name of it escapes me). The rhythm guitar is alternating between the C and Am chords at this point with the bass following their leads. The song is then finished on one last chorus, just as the other. All in all, the concert was amazing. I spent that night with the people care about the most and made memories that I will cherish forever. It was very interesting to see and hear what exactly the band was doing as they were playing. Granted, I knew more about what the stringed instruments were doing more so than the drums as a guitarist myself. The atmosphere was exciting energize, and it is just great to know that I was able to attend.

The Importance of Being Beautiful free essay sample

Being Beautiful To be successful in life, beauty is a very important attribute to have, according to Sidney Katzs article, The Importance of Being Beautiful. Beautiful people are more successful in more than one way in life. For example, beautiful people attract more friends and lovers, get higher grades and are able to cash checks easier. Beautiful people are also more successful in their careers. There are better Jobs that will offer higher pay and more pay raises, for the reason that the employee is beautiful. Meanwhile, a six-foot tall man has a better chance of getting the same Job that a shorter man also applies to, since taller men are seen as being dominant. In addition, promotions are more likely to come to beautiful people before less attractive people. Next, Katz explains how a study shows how more attractive elders would be better patients. For instance, eight photos of patients were given to medical staff and the attractive patients were classified as more motivated and cooperate better. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Being Beautiful or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the less attractive patients would not improve as well as the more attractive ones. Katz also gives details how doctors are more attentive to beautiful patients. He believes this is true because the more attractive patients will respond better the procedures and medications. In addition, a study was given that beautiful children could not possibly be guilty of crimes such as torturing a dog repeatedly. The studys results were conducted by people viewing childrens pictures. The more attractive children were not accused of committing the negligence towards the dog, only the unattractive children. The hildren that were accused of harming the dog seemed to be children that were also classified as dishonest and unsociable. In court, beautiful or glamorous women could never commit a crime unless there was hard evidence of them actually committing the crime. Since those women are classified as beautiful, they are not found guilty. Being beautiful has numerous advantages in careers, healthcare, law enforcement and everyday activities. Therefore, Katz states that having beauty is an important aspect to being successful in life.

Nestle vs Dutchlady free essay sample

Nestle already exist in Malaysia market, now we would like to make an analysis about the Nestle product in Taman Koperasi Cuepacs ,Kajang Selangor, whether customer are satisfaction with Nestle product or customer prefer with other brand like Dutch Lady. From that, Nestle can make some improvement for their product line to expand their business strategy and fulfill the customer’s satisfaction. 1. OBJECTIVE: 1. To know how well known of Nestle product in Kajang Selangor. 2. To know why people choose Nestle product to compare it with Dutch lady Product 3. Chefs were asked to discuss their requirements. The results showed that consumers were saying fresh is best. However, the chefs view was slightly different in terms of: My customers would like everything to be made from scratch (i. e. made from basic raw ingredients), but I dont have the time and money to do this. The research revealed that the market was divided into a number of segments. We will write a custom essay sample on Nestle vs Dutchlady or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A segment is a part of an overall market made up of customers with similar characteristics. Chefs fitted into four main segments: The research showed a sizeable demand for Segment 3 a target for Maggie A Natural Choice products. Brand proposition the research defined a proposition for developing the new brand. This new proposition was to create a product with more natural qualities for chefs who aim to please who want their cooking to be as fresh tasting as possible. Natural qualities would be defined in terms of taste, smell, look and texture. Target market Maggie A Natural Choice target was to be chefs who aim to please. Their prime aim is to provide delicious, wholesome foods that customers enjoy. These chefs enjoy their work and have a pride in the satisfaction they give customers. They are not in business just to make money. Brand ambition Maggi A Natural Choice combines the goodness and taste of real ingredients with time and cost saving. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/nestle/nutrition-health-wellness-new-product-development-at-nestle/market-research. html#ixzz1rRQlFtbi From the literature review above, previous research about the satisfaction about nestle’ brand which is Maggie. From this research, Maggie is a famous food for a long time ago, but now, people in UK said, the product had come to be seen as uninteresting and old fashioned due to its dehydrated format and flavor. From that, we can know, is that, customer are satisfied with the Nestle’ brand or not, if customer are no satisfied with the Nestle’ brand, Nestle need to make some improvement to their product in term of flavor or packaging. In this research, the researcher shows that, there have 4 segments, which is, a target for Maggie, Brand proposition, Target market and, Brand ambition. Questionnaire is a document that is used to guide what questions are to be asked respondents and in what order, sometimes lists the alternative responses that are acceptable. In addition , list of a research or survey questions asked to respondents, and designed to extract specific information. It serves four basic purposes to collect the appropriate data, make data comparable and amenable to analysis, minimize bias in formulating and asking question, and to make questions engaging and varied. This is the right way to ask people outside to answer the questionnaire to be given to the respondents. The advantages of questionnaire * Cost effective Questionnaires are cost effective compared the research methods using interviews or data mining. The questionnaire could be distributed to a larger population over a shorter period of time. This is especially true for sample populations that cover a large geographic area. The questionnaires can be mailed or delivered electronically. Personal interviews take time and mistakes can be made during the analysis of the data due to individual interpretation. Questionnaires can be sent back anonymously and this will allow more respondents to reply.

Why Using a Sample Essay Response is Important

Why Using a Sample Essay Response is ImportantA Sample Essay Response to a High School Summer Medical Program Question is one of the most important tools you will ever have in your medical writing toolbox. It can save you a ton of time and, sometimes, a lawsuit or two. There are a number of reasons why.First, there are different resources available for preparing this kind of essay. Some are expensive and some are free. Not only are there different types of essay responses but also the formats of each one. This makes it very confusing and frustrating when you are looking for the right one for your essay.Second, you are going to need to know your own resources so that you can be as prepared as possible. The quickest way to find answers to these kinds of questions is to find the exact sample you want to use and then try to match it up to one of your own essays. It's going to be confusing and time consuming but it will help you get to where you need to be faster.Third, using a sample all ows you to make sure you're not copying the wrong answer because you don't have access to the test taker's knowledge. You can't just go online and look up the exact answers for any given medical question. That's why using a sample allows you to practice before you ever take the test. And you should always do that before taking a test.Fourth, if you are having trouble answering your Sample Essay Response for a High School Summer Medical Program, the best thing to do is look up the guidelines to interpreting a sample. This will help you answer the question quickly and easily. If you follow the guidelines, then you'll be able to find the answer you want right away.Fifth, knowing the answer to your Sample Essay Response also lets you know if it is the right answer for your medical question. The information you get from your sample will let you know what to do next. For example, if you know the correct answer, then you can do the experiment.Sixth, the last reason that knowing the right a nswer to your Sample Essay Response is important is that it's a great way to practice for the test. Because of the time constraints and the fact that you can't just go online and look up the answer, you need to be prepared. Studying in advance is one of the easiest ways to increase your score on a test and, therefore, increase your chances of getting into a good school.As you can see, using a Sample Essay Response is extremely useful when you are looking for the answer to a High School Summer Medical Program question. So, make sure you understand the benefits of writing your own essay answer and then use the sample that you have found to help you in your research.

“Variations on the Word Sleep” By Margaret Atwood Essay Essays

â€Å"Variations on the Word Sleep† By Margaret Atwood Essay Essays â€Å"Variations on the Word Sleep† By Margaret Atwood Essay Paper â€Å"Variations on the Word Sleep† By Margaret Atwood Essay Paper In Variations on the Word Sleep the storyteller of the verse form instantly addresses his/her scruples demand to link with the other individual. and they besides recognize the hopelessness of this end: â€Å"I would wish to watch you kiping. which may non happen† ( 1-2 ) . The gap to the verse form. as we see here. could be considered typical of Atwood’s composing in the sense that one individual longs to bond with another. and recognizes the trouble. It is this type of exposure that we have come to anticipate in Margaret Atwood’s Hagiographas. because. as with many feminist Hagiographas. we are cognizant of the power battle between work forces and adult females. and even between adult females. But this verse form refrains from placing sexes ; it merely discusses a deeply internal demand of one individual for another. who is on a journey through the dark labyrinth of their consciousness. The first stanza evolves from a simple supplication from the genderless talker to watch their lover slumber. to a deeper. religious demand. Atwood chooses to stay equivocal in this regard. which helps a wider audience identify with the work. The verse form besides has virtue because within seven short. simplistic lines we glide from a soft yearning to a love composite and intense. with two heads unifying together in a dream: â€Å"I would wish to watch you. kiping. I would wish to kip with you. to come in your slumber as its smooth dark moving ridge slides over my caput. ( 3-7 ) † The action of the verse form continues to germinate as Atwood carries the reader through what appears to be a lover’s dream or phantasy. The storyteller at first wants merely to watch their lover slumber. so he/she desires to come in the same slumber. so envision him/her falling through the beds of consciousness. As the reader follows along with the look up toing storyteller and his or her comrade. they become progressively cognizant of the narrator’s need for transcendency. In the first. 2nd and 3rd stanzas. Atwood uses words that help steer us along the action. such as â€Å"watch. † â€Å"enter. † â€Å"over. † â€Å"descend. † â€Å"follow. † and â€Å"become. † All of these words are effectual in doing the reader feel as if they excessively are faltering along side of the storyteller. urgently seeking to come in the deepnesss of their love. The storyteller is so dying and passionate. that they are willing to follow their lover towards their worst fright in order to protect them â€Å"from the heartache at the centre. † ( 16 ) This is particularly interesting in the facet of feminism because Atwood’s female characters are normally model of accomplishment and authorization. If one is to presume the storyteller in this verse form is female. than Atwood is depicting a adult female trailing her adult male in a despairing effort to go his centre. and even to â€Å"be the air that inhabits you for a minute merely. I would wish to be that unnoticed that necessary. ( 27-30 ) † The word â€Å"unnoticed† here could be seen in a couple different visible radiations. as could the full subject of the verse form. On one manus. the storyteller is cut downing him or herself to being virtually unseeable. by going the air of their lover. Yet on the other manus. she has abstained from placing sexes. and the poesy itself is distressingly honorable and romantic in its portraiture of forfeit. The storyteller is acknowledging that the object of their fondness. whether they are male or female. has a consciousness worth researching. and they are willing to transport this individual off from darkness. The other ground that this verse form should be valued is because of Atwood’s usage of the elements. The imagination of the verse form moves from H2O â€Å"smooth dark wave† ( 6 ) to earth â€Å"forest. cave† ( 6. 9 ) to H2O once more â€Å"become the boat that would row you† ( 21 ) to fire â€Å"a fire in two cupped hands† ( 23 ) so eventually. air â€Å"I would wish to be the air that inhabits you† ( 27-28 ) . The poem â€Å"Variations of the Word Sleep† is an first-class illustration of Atwood’s endowment for uncovering feelings of separations and besides for demoing the love affair in giving up ones’ ain individuality for the interest of love. This subject is non typical to what the populace would see ruthlessly feminist. but Atwood’s Hagiographas redefine the kingdom of what adult females desire and deserve in love.

Markering launch for an international business (Nike) Assignment

Markering launch for an international business (Nike) - Assignment Example International business has, hence, become a modern jargon in the current epoch. It is the process of conducting business all over the world. Such business transactions include trading of services, goods, technology, capital and managerial knowledge between different economies (Brenner, 2013). The import and export related activities of a nation constitute its foreign trading affairs. International business expands the scope and scale of commercial activities in an economy. From the above figure, it can be stated that international trade or business has noticeably increased over time. The growth had slightly fallen during the global financial crisis of 2008. As a result, the volume of international trade has greatly influenced the external business environmental factors. Companies engaging in international business across diversified economies conduct commercial on large scales. The production and marketing strategies of these firms are globally established (Brenner, 2013). A multinational company helps to integrate the global economic system. In an international business process, the firm procures labour, finance and infrastructural services from different countries (Brenner, 2013). The process of foreign trade in dominated by companies belonging to developed rich countries. These countries possess productive resource reserves and high technological knowhow. These multinational organizations offer high prices to all the factor service owners, thereby leading the business realm in each country (Brenner, 2013). International business conducted by companies helps to enhance the employment opportunities wherein they operate (Brenner, 2013). Moreover, by providing diversified goods and services in the market, the process helps to improve living standards of the individuals therein. International business contributes towards augmenting the level of trading competition between participating countries.

706 week 13 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

706 week 13 - Assignment Example Some factors, however, cannot be measured or observed and this means inability to use evidence and data. Consequently, tuning in to the edge and intuition that offers a better understanding of factors for informed decisions is necessary. Tuning to the edge and intuition also offer a deeper understanding of the factors and integrating them with evidence and data that often identify relationships and their significance offers strong base for decision-making (Kerfoot, 2005). Turning to the edge and intuition, unlike sole reliance on evidence and data, also allows for generation of the ‘dissenters’ that are necessary for effective decisions (Pittman, 2013). Intuition played a role in my professional life when I identified unusual behavior in a colleague. His attitude had suddenly changed and he appeared stressed up. I imagined possible effects of his condition on his practice realized that he a risk to his patients through mistakes in care delivery. I decided to talk to him about his condition and convinced him into attending a counseling session. He later confessed the possibility of administering wrong medication during that period in which he was depressed. A possible dissenting voice to my project is that a free environment, in which practitioners enjoy autonomy over their approaches to care instead of such regulations as JNC guidelines, promotes creativity and can lead to better health outcomes. Need for tuning to the edge and intuition as well as dissenter concept could trigger opposition. Pittman, B. (2013). Bob Pittman of clear channel, on the value of dissent. The New York Times. retrieved from:

Historical Perspectives on motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Historical Perspectives on motivation - Essay Example Motivation, the drive to satisfy a need, ultimately comes from within an individual. The job of a manager is to find each worker's commitment, encourage it, and focus it on some common goal.2 Huit (2001) cites that there is a general consensus from a variety of psychology textbooks that motivation is an internal state or condition (sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that serves to activate or energize behavior and gives it direction. The following are Huit's description of motivation: (1) internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; (2) desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior; and (3) influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Frank (1994) also adds to Huit's list of descriptions by quoting that the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior. However, Huit notes that many researchers are now beginning to acknowledge that the factors that energize behavior are likely different from the factors that provide for its persistence. Early studies on management include the book written by the so-called "Father of Scientific Management" himself Frederick Taylor, entitled The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. ... This is in line with the dogma of scientific management, which posits that the way to increase productivity is to look into the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching workers these methods. Jobs are detailed in such a way that each worker has a specified, well controlled task that can be performed as instructed. Specific procedures and methods for each job must be followed with no exceptions.3 Scientific management viewed people as machines that needed to be properly programmed and had little concern for the psychological or human aspects of work. Presently, much emphasis in some companies is still placed on conformity to work rules rather than on creativity, flexibility, and responsiveness. 4 Taylor's approach in his method included the following: time, methods and the rules of work. In progress to Taylor's efforts, time-motion studies involved breaking down the tasks needed to do a job and measure the time needed to do each task. One of Taylor's famous experiments includes increasing the output of a worker loading pig iron to a rail car. Taylor broke the job down into its smallest constituent movements, timing each one with a stopwatch. The job was remodeled with a decreased number of motions as well as effort and the risk of error. Rest periods of specific interval and duration and a differential pay scale were also used to improve the output. With scientific management, Taylor increased the worker's output from 12 to 47 tons per day! The Taylor model gave rise to dramatic productivity increases.5 Henry L. Gant, on of Taylor's followers, developed GANTT CHARTS by which managers plotted the work of employees a day in advance. It consists of a table of project task information and a bar chart that graphically displays project schedule, depicting

My Side of the Mountain by Jean Craighead George Essay -- My Side Moun

My Side of the Mountain by Jean Craighead George This book is told from the diary of the main character, Sam Gribley. Sam is a boy full of determination. He didn’t give up and go home like everyone thought he would. He is strong of mind. After the first night in the freezing rain, with no fire and no food, he still went on. He is a born survivor. He lasted the winter, through storms, hunger, and loneliness, and came out on top even when everyone expected him to fail. â€Å"The land is no place for a Gribley† p. 9 The story starts out with Sam remembering how he first got to be in his tree in the Catskills. A run-away, Sam Gribley, a young boy who lived in New York City with his family of eleven in a small apartment. None of them liked living there. His father used to talk of the family farm in the Catskill Mountains and the time he ran away to them. Sam decided this would be a way out of the dismal life he had in the city. He prepared himself well by listening very carefully to his father’s stories on survival and read books to be prepared for his planned new life. When it was time to go, he took only a penknife, a ball of cord, some flint and steel, forty dollars, and an ax. The flint and steel were for starting fires. He hitched a ride from a trucker to the town; Delhi, nearest the old family farm. He set out in May, set up a camp in a terrible storm, couldn’t get his fire going was tired, and hungry and realized in order to survive he would have to keep his wits about him. When the storm was over he set out to find his great-grandfathers farm. He found some of the old foundation and the carved name on a tree and knew he was on the family compound of his dreams not terribly far from his soon to be home in the Hemlock tree. Some major problems that presented themselves were the elements, hunger, and loneliness. After surviving the terrible storm he knew he needed to build a safe warm haven for himself. He also wanted a spot that would be not noticeable. He finally decided on an old Hemlock tree where the roots formed a hole and the inner part of the tree was rotting. It took him six months to carve and burn out the Hemlock that would accommodate a bed he made with ash slats and boughs from the Hemlock and a chair for sitting and viewing the weather when it was terrible. As his survival techniques improved he was able to use his intellige... ...ide of the Mountain, 30 years later, and a decade after that penned the final book in the trilogy, Frightful's Mountain, told from the falcon's point of view. George has no doubt shaped generations of young readers with her outdoor adventures of the mind and spirit. (Ages 9 to 12) --Emilie Coulter Ingram In this enthralling story, a boy builds a treehouse in the mountains and learns to live entirely by his wits. "(Emphasizes) the rewards of courage and determination."--The Horn Book. I agree with it being an enthralling story. It has influenced many lives, and in many different ways. One way is that it has encouraged people to take up falconry. One good example would be Robert Kennedy Junior. He and a group of falconry friends all have said that her book has contributed to them being falconers today. I myself am considering the sport now. I also agree with the statement â€Å"No reader will be immune to the compulsion to go right out and start whittling fishhooks and befriending raccoons.† I can’t vouch for the entire population of people who have read this book but I will say that that was my personal feelings. I even tried making some hooks once. It didn’t go so well.

Public Reactions to the Qantas Grounding Crisis

Despite a growing number of studies on crisis communication, there is very little research that examines corporate crises from a consumer perspective, particularly for crisis case studies within Australia. Using Yin’s (2002) framework for case study research methods, this research group conducted a qualitative content analysis of 1121 audience comments attached to three news articles on the 2011 Qantas grounding crisis.Using Weiner’s Attribution Theory (1986, 1995) and the qualitative content analysis software; Leximancer, we used these comments to deconstruct audience perceptions of the Qantas crisis and isolate different emotional, attitudinal and behavioural responses. Our first major finding indicated that the majority of audience members attributed the cause of the Qantas crisis to managerial decisions or union action. Working Conditions and Government policy was also found to be secondary factors to the crisis cause.We also found these four causal factors to be st rongly associated with audience’s responsibility judgments. The four key responsible stakeholder groups that emerged from our analysis were Alan Joyce (Qantas Management), Unions, Employees and the Labor Government. Another important focus of this study examined audience’s crisis emotions. Anger was found to be the predominant emotion that emerged from our analysis and was largely directed towards management and union stakeholders.Sympathy also emerged as a secondary emotion but was largely directed towards employees and management. Our final research finding uncovered a number of behavioural intentions within the audience comments. While the majority of these behavioural intentions centre around avoidance and negative purchase intentions, a few increased investment intentions also emerged. Although our Leximancer analysis was restricted by a number of technical limitations, these research findings indicate that Weiner’s Attribution Theory can be successfully ap plied to a real life crisis case study.Despite a growing number of studies on crisis communication, there is very little research that examines corporate crises from a consumer perspective, particularly for crisis case studies within Australia. Using Yin’s (2002) framework for case study research methods, this research group conducted a qualitative content analysis of 1121 audience comments attached to three news articles on the 2011 Qantas grounding crisis. Using Weiner’s Attribution Theory (1986, 1995) and the qualitative content analysis software; Leximancer, we used these omments to deconstruct audience perceptions of the Qantas crisis and isolate different emotional, attitudinal and behavioural responses. Our first major finding indicated that the majority of audience members attributed the cause of the Qantas crisis to managerial decisions or union action. Working Conditions and Government policy was also found to be secondary factors to the crisis cause. We also found these four causal factors to be strongly associated with audience’s responsibility judgments.The four key responsible stakeholder groups that emerged from our analysis were Alan Joyce (Qantas Management), Unions, Employees and the Labor Government. Another important focus of this study examined audience’s crisis emotions. Anger was found to be the predominant emotion that emerged from our analysis and was largely directed towards management and union stakeholders. Sympathy also emerged as a secondary emotion but was largely directed towards employees and management. Our final research finding uncovered a number of behavioural intentions within the audience comments.While the majority of these behavioural intentions centre around avoidance and negative purchase intentions, a few increased investment intentions also emerged. Although our Leximancer analysis was restricted by a number of technical limitations, these research findings indicate that Weiner’s A ttribution Theory can be successfully applied to a real life crisis case study. Abstract Tamara Dorrington (s4177314) | Sarah Natasha Raziff (s4275762) | Jasmine Soriano (s4272997) | Kate Fitzpatrick (s4201686) | Roxanne Lim (s4256084) Supervisor: Lyn McDonald The University of Queensland, 2012Tamara Dorrington (s4177314) | Sarah Natasha Raziff (s4275762) | Jasmine Soriano (s4272997) | Kate Fitzpatrick (s4201686) | Roxanne Lim (s4256084) Supervisor: Lyn McDonald The University of Queensland, 2012 Public Reactions to The Qantas Grounding Crisis, A Qualitative Content Analysis A corporate crisis often poses an unpredictable threat that can have resounding effects on an organization and its stakeholders (Coombs, 1999, 2010). These effects are largely dependent on how effectively the crisis is managed (Coombs, 2010) and upon stakeholder’s perceptions of the crisis cause (McDonald, Sparks & Glendon, 2010).To date there has been very little research on consumer reactions to corpora te crises (McDonald, et al. 2010), especially for crises  outside the United States (Lee, 2004). In order to understand the implications of this research project on crisis communication, one must first gain an understanding of the Qantas grounding crisis. As one of Australia’s leading domestic and international airline brands, Qantas has a well-established reputation for upholding â€Å"excellence in safety, operational reliability, engineering, maintenance and customer service† (Qantas, 2012, pp. 2).On October 2011, the company faced one of the largest corporate crises in its 95 years of history, a crisis that had widespread negative impacts on its reputation. After months of failed negotiations between management and union representatives, around 4000 Qantas employees took part in an organized strike, demanding greater job security, better wages and fairer working conditions. Qantas management responded by grounding its entire domestic and international fleet, lock ing out staff involved in the action and stranding around 68,000 passengers worldwide (Sydney Morning Herald, 2011).The Federal Government also became involved in the dispute, threatening to terminate strikes under the Fair Work Act if negotiations between union members and management proved unsuccessful (new. com. au, 2011) Our case study analysis adds to existing crisis research by analyzing 1121 audience comments attached to three news articles on the Qantas grounding crisis: 734 comments from the Sydney Morning Herald article (Live: FWA orders Qantas dispute terminated, 2011), 171 comments from the ABC article (Qantas grounds its entire fleet, 2011) and 216 comments from the news. om. au article (Qantas crisis: Who won and who's to blame). Using Weiner’s Attribution Theory (1986, 1995) as a theoretical framework, we used the comments from these three articles to deconstructed audience perceptions of the Qantas crisis and isolate audience member’s different emotiona l, attitudinal and behavioral responses. While studies into crisis communication are a popular area of research, much of the existing research has used experimental designs to examine the effectiveness of different types of crisis accounts or apologia.A case study analysis of audience reactions to the 2011 Qantas grounding crisis has many wider implications for crisis management strategies in future. First, by evaluating audience comments, this study provides an insight into stakeholder crisis reactions that may have greater generalizability than experimental studies. Second, knowledge of audience’s attribution processes will help future public relations managers to mitigate negative crisis outcomes and manage brand reputation more effectively. Literature ReviewTo date, there has been very little research on consumer reactions to corporate crises (McDonald, et al. , 2010) particularly for crisis cases outside the United States (Lee, 2004). The majority of existing literature has approached crisis communication from an organisational perspective, using experimental design to examine the relationship between different types of crisis accounts and consumer’s purchase intentions (Lee, 2004). Very little research has taken a content analysis approach, examining audience reactions to real life crises cases.In bridging this gap, it is relevant to examine real life audience perceptions of crisis cause their association with different emotional, attitudinal and behavioral responses. According to Lee (2004), taking a consumer orientated approach should provide valuable insights into how individuals understand and react to organisational crises. Such knowledge would help public relations managers to mitigate negative crisis outcomes and manage brand reputation more effectively.Theoretical Framework: Weiner’s Attribution Theory (1986, 1995) Our research was primarily guided by Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory (WAT), which examines the p sychological process by which individuals understand and react to external events. While WAT was originally used as a theoretical framework for examining interpersonal relationships, it has been successfully applied to the context of company crises (McDonald et al. , 2010). Adapting Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory (WAT) audiences bserve and interpret events, such as the Qantas crisis, making attributions about its cause along two causal dimensions: Locus (whether the cause was internal or external to the company) and Controllability (whether the cause was controllable or uncontrollable). The interpretation of crisis cause under these two constructs leads to a responsibility judgement that, in turn, results in emotions, which then influences behaviors (McDonald et. al. , 2010).Weiner (1995) also suggests that mitigating circumstances or personal relevance may also impact the individual’s responsibility judgement or the strength of their emotional reaction. The relationship between the various components of Weiner’s (1986, 1995) theoretical framework is depicted in the flow chart below. Mitigating Circumstances Mitigating Circumstances In order to successfully apply Weiner’s (1986, 1195) Attribution Theory (WAT) to the context of the 2011 Qantas grounding crisis, we first examined the individual components of this theoretical framework.A)   Attributions of Cause (Locus and Controllability) As previously discussed, Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory (WAT) suggests that audiences evaluate an event and make attributions about its cause along two dimensions. The Locus dimension refers to the location of the crisis cause as being either internal or external to the organisation (Lee, 2004). Controllability refers to whether the crisis cause is within the control of the organisation or not (Lee, 2004). According to Lee (2004) a crisis cause that is within the boundaries of an organisation (internal locus) is also ofte n perceived as controllable.Likewise, a crisis cause that judged to be outside the organisation (external locus) is often viewed as uncontrollable (Lee, 2004). However Coombs (1995) and McDonald et. al. (2010) both hypothesised that crises could be internal and controllable (neglected maintenance), internal and uncontrollable (employee sabotage), external and controllable (failure to comply with government regulations) as well as external and uncontrollable (terrorism sabotage). The graph below represents the causal matrix summarized by McDonald et. al. (2010) | Internal| External|Controllable| Neglected Maintenance| Failure to comply with government regulations | Uncontrollable| Employee Sabotage | Terrorism Sabotage| In the context of the Qantas crisis, this leads us to the following research questions: Research Question 1: What are the audience perceptions of the key contributing factors to the crisis cause? Research Question 2: Are these key factors internal and controllable or external and uncontrollable? According to Coombs (1995) the causal dimensions of Locus and Controllability have a direct impact upon an audience’s crisis response.A study by Folkes (1984) found that locus and controllability had separate effects on customers’ responsibility judgments, emotions and behavioral intentions. Lee (2004) also suggested that, in a crisis context, events that were perceived to be internal and controllable were viewed more negatively by audience members than those that were considered external and uncontrollable (Lee, 2004). Although separating these two constructs was challenging in analyzing audience comments, the following research questions aided us in mapping out ideas for our Leximancer data analysis.Research question 3: What crisis causes are associated with negative and positive crisis reactions? B)   Ã‚  Responsibility Judgment The next step in Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory is the process by which individuals attribu te responsibility. Social psychologists Fincham and Jaspars (1980) noted that, in an interpersonal context, individuals would often go beyond the attributions of causality to make judgments about who should be held accountable for an observed outcome.Likewise, audiences will assign crisis responsibility after a causal attribution (Lee, 2004). The direction and degree of responsibility judgment will therefore depend upon the audience’s attributions of crisis cause (Lee, 2004). Coombs and Holladay (1996, 2002) and Jorgensen (1994, 1996) both used Weiner’s (1986, 1995) causal dimensions of locus and controllability as the foundation for their studies into crisis communication. All found perceptions of crisis cause to be a major determinant of responsibility judgments and subsequent stakeholder reactions.Of particular relevance to our current study, Lee (2004) found crises that were perceived to be internal (locus) and controllable (controllability) were more likely to bri ng about responsibility judgments aimed at the company and its managers. On the other hand, audiences tended to attribute less blame to the company in situations where the crisis cause was viewed as external and uncontrollable, instead reacting with sympathy and support (Lee, 2004).In analysing audience comments through the use of the Leximancer program, we aim to uncover public sentiment and reveal what major stakeholder groups or individuals are held responsible for the 2011 Qantas crisis. This leads us to the following research question: Research question 4: What stakeholder groups are perceived to be responsible for the crisis? C)   Ã‚  Crisis Emotions According to Choi and Lin (2009) there is a strong need to explore a variety of crisis emotions, in particular the impact that crisis emotions have upon attitudes toward the company and upon subsequent behavioral intentions (McDonald et. l. , 2010). Several studies (e. g. Coombs ; Holladay; 1996, 2002, Jorgensen; 1994, 1996 and Lee; 2004) have used Weiner’s causal dimensions of locus and controllability, finding causal attributions to be a major determinant of stakeholder crisis emotions. McDonald et. al. (2010) found that crisis controllability was the single strongest predictor of anger, sympathy and negative attitude while Lee (2004) found that in cases where crises were viewed as uncontrollable, pity was elicited.In McDonald’s (2010) study, internal crises were found to correspond with fear and surprise while external crises were more likely to result in a sympathetic emotion response (McDonald et al. , 2010). These findings validate the concept within Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory that causal attribution precedes responsibility judgment, which in turn affects crisis emotions. This leads us to the following research question for our Qantas crisis analysis: Research question 5: What audience emotions have emerged? D)   Ã‚  Behavioral IntentionsWhile responsibility judgm ent affects emotions, emotions, in turn, impact upon behavioral intentions (Weiner, 1995). Several studies have investigated the relationship between crisis emotion (anger, fear, sadness, joy, surprise) and consumer’s behavioral intentions. A review of previous literature by McDonald et at. (2010) found that anger influences punitiveness (Jorgensen, 1996), negative purchase intentions (Coombs ; Holladay, 2007), negative word of mouth (Coombs ; Holladay, 2007) and indirectly lowers investment intentions (Jorgensen, 1996).Sadness lead to a higher reliance on emotional support while fear was associated with venting intentions or avoidance (Jin, 2009). Coombs and Holladay (2007) also found that dissatisfied customers were more likely to voice negative sentiments about a product or service than happy customers. This leads us to our final research question regarding the application of Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory to audience’s Qantas crisis response: Resea rch Question 6: What audience behavioral intentions have emerged?Based upon the review of existing literature, the current case study examined how Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory can be applied to a current crisis case in Australia using actual stakeholder comments. In particular, we expect to uncover associations between Weiner’s (1986, 1995) causal constructs (locus and controllability), judgments of responsibility, emotions and behavioral intentions within the context of audience comments. Methodology According to Yin (1994), case studies involve a methodical way of looking at an instance or event within its real-life context.It is a process of collecting data, analyzing information, and reporting the results in order to gain a sharpened understanding of why a particular event occurred, and what might be relevant to future research in the area (Yin, 1994). This research project involved the development of a case study analysis that followed a reputation cri sis faced by the Australian national airline, Qantas, in October of 2011. By conducting a content analysis of 1121 audience comments, this group was able to deconstruct the crisis narrative and examine audience’s attribution process during the 2011 Qantas crisis.Yin defined the research design as a sequence that links data to the study’s research questions and findings. In order to address our research questions, this group adopted a variation of Yin’s (1994) case study design, collecting appropriate evidence, analysing the data and reporting on the findings. Step one of Yin’s (1994) case study research methods involved the collection of data for content analysis. Yin (1994) noted that data collection could rely on many sources of evidence, one of which includes documentation such as media articles.Following Yin’s (1994) data collection guidelines, this group collected 1121 reader comments attached to three news articles on the Qantas crisis, inclu ding 734 comments from the Sydney Morning Herald online (Live: FWA orders Qantas dispute terminated), 171 comments from the ABC website (Qantas grounds its entire fleet) and 216 comments from news. com. au (Qantas crisis: Who won and who's to blame). We then inputted the 1121 audience comments into an excel spreadsheet, organising them on the basis of media source and comment characteristics.The second step in Yin’s cases study research methods is data analysis. This involves examining and categorizing evidence that is relevant to the study (Yin, 1994). To achieve this, we conducted a content analysis, aided by the concept association software; Leximancer. According to Hsieh and Shannon (2005) a qualitative content analysis is one of numerous research methods used to analyse text data. Qualitative content analyses go beyond a simple word association and instead involves an in depth classification of language into an efficient number of categories with similar meanings (Weber, 1990).Leximancer is a software program designed to perform this conceptual analyses of text data in a largely independent manner (Smith, 2003). It is able to analyse large volumes of comments and to statistically assess the association between words, identifying emergent themes in the body of text. The basis for Leximancer’s qualitative data analysis is a concept association matrix that is built from frequency data (Rooney, 2005). The result is a visual map and insight dashboard that identifies the relational characteristics of key concepts (Middleton, Liesch & Steen, 2011).However this raw Leximancer data requires further human analysis. By further analysing these Leximancer results we were able to analyse audience reactions to the Qantas grounding crisis under the construct of Weiner’s (1986, 1995) attribution theory. The final phase of Yin’s cases study research methods involves reporting the results and checking their validity. According to Yin (1994) conte nt analyses involve a danger of committing what has been called the narrative fallacy.This fallacy consists of a propensity to simplify data through a preference for compact stories over complex data sets (Yin, 1994). In case study research, the way to avoid the narrative fallacy is no different from any other error: the usual consistent checks for validity and reliability in how data is collected, analyzed and presented. Therefore it was important to conduct a thorough check of the Leximancer results, correlating Leximancer findings with contextual examples within the article comments and providing exemplar samples of audience statements. Research ResultsLeximancer is able to generate two types of sentiment analysis reports: a visual concept map showing a detailed assembly of prominent concepts, and an insight dashboard which provides quantitative rankings of concepts and their associated terms (Middleton, et al, 2011). The insight dashboard generates information about the data set by analysing the frequency, strength and prominence of reoccurring terms within the text. It then organises these terms into ‘categories’, which are groups of recurring sentiments, and ‘concepts’, which are ideas that bear a strong contextual link to these categories (Middleton, et al, 2011).Leximancer also automatically identifies ‘compound concepts’, which are two terms that are mentioned adjacent to one another within the context of a larger category (Middleton, et al, 2011). Leximancer analyses the data set using a default thesaurus which it uses to identify terms as ‘positive evidence’ towards a certain sentiment or category. The user can also adjust the focus of the output results by controlling a number of manual settings within the program. By adjusting these settings, results in answer to our research questions were analysed.Research Question 1 asked â€Å"what are the audience perceptions of the key contributing factors to the crisis cause? † In order to answer this research question, a preliminary Leximancer analysis, examining key causal factors, was conducted. The concept map in figure 1 was generated by inputting all 1121 audience comments into the Leximancer program and adjusting the thesaurus settings to recognise related terms (such as ‘Alan Joyce’ and ‘AJ’). The resulting concept map clearly illustrates the key causal categories and maps their association with surrounding terms.The main causal concepts that emerge from figure 1 are ‘union action’, ‘managerial decisions’, ‘working conditions’ and ‘industrial action’. These four terms appear as prominent categories from which smaller, related concepts stem. Figure 1: Leximancer concept map The concept map in figure 1 forms the foundation for the subsequent graphs 2 and 3, where these key concepts are examined in more depth using related data from the insight dashboard. Examining these four main causal categories and their related terms, we can begin to deconstruct the narrative surrounding the Qantas crisis.In particular, we can begin to analyse audience member’s attribution process in terms of Weiner’s theoretical framework. Figure 2 (below) is a pie chart, isolating the four main causal categories and their associated terms. The terms surrounding each main category represent the associated concepts that appeared with relative frequency and strength under each main causal category. Terms such as ‘pathetic’, ‘appalled’ and ‘abominable’ were linked strongly with Managerial Decisions, while Union Action was associated with concepts such as ‘bloody minded’, ‘bashing’ and ‘dominated’.Industrial Action was positioned within the context of government policy with related terms such as ‘Gillard’, ‘Fair Work Act’ and ‘Labor ’. Finally, ‘Working Conditions’ can be seen positioned alongside key terms like ‘employees’, ‘pay’ and ‘unreasonable’ Figure 2: Four key crisis factors and related terms Figure 3 shows a further breakdown of each of the four main causal categories. Each pie chart was generated using the quantitative data in the insight dashboard, which outlines the strength, frequency and prominence of the four key categories and their related terms.The first of the four pie graphs explores the category of ‘Managerial Decisions’. Here we can see that the two major concepts associated with the managerial decisions category are MGMT (an acronym for management) and Alan Joyce. ‘Brand’, ‘restructures’ and ‘failures’ are secondary concepts that also appeared in association with Managerial Decisions. The second pie graph depicts the breakdown of concepts associated with the category of Industria l Action. Here, industrial action is positioned closely with concepts such as ‘Gillard’, ‘Fair Work Australia’ and ‘Federal Government’.Therefore it is evident that this causal category refers to the impact of government policy on the Qantas crisis. In the working conditions pie graph, the strong association between terms such as ‘employees’, ‘afford’ and ‘earn’ with terms such as ‘pay rise, ‘wages, and ‘salary’ indicate that one of the causes of this crisis involved current pay schemes and unfair working conditions. Finally, ‘Union action’ is also identified as a main contributing factor to the crisis cause. This pie graph explores this category by highlighting some of its key associated terms.In particular, one can see the clear association between ‘unions’, ‘demands’ and ‘striking’. In the context of the Qantas crisis, union gr oups made a number of demands regarding current working conditions and this was responsible for a large majority of subsequent employee strikes. Figure 3: graphs exploring the compound categories of managerial decisions, working conditions, Industrial action, and union action Research Question 2 was concerned with the application of Weiner’s (1986, 1995) causal dimensions of Locus and Controllability.It asked whether the key causal factors in the Qantas crisis (identified in figures 1 – 3) could be classified as internal and controllable or external and uncontrollable. As previously discussed in our literature review, past studies on crisis communication have shown that crises can be either be internal and controllable (neglected maintenance), internal and uncontrollable (employee sabotage), external and controllable (failure to comply with government regulations) or external and uncontrollable (terrorist sabotage). If we adapt our understanding of McDonald et al. 2010 ) we can apply the following attribution matrix to the current Qantas case study. Figure 4: Qantas’ attribution matrix . Research question 3 asks â€Å"what crisis causes can be associated with negative and positive crisis reactions? † Figure 5 addresses this research question by using Leximancer insights to compare the appearance of favourable and unfavourable terms within the context of audience comments. To justify the results, Leximancer’s insight dashboard provides examples of each sentiment with comments directly from the data set.The graph below shows that audience comments carry both favourable and unfavourable connotations towards the concepts of management, industrial action, and employees. The balance of favourable and unfavourable terms for all four causal concepts (managerial decisions, union action, working conditions and industrial action) is consistent with our preliminary sample of audience comments. Figure 5: unfavourable vs favourable terms Fi gure 6 addresses research question 4 (What stakeholder groups are perceived to be responsible for the crisis? by using a Leximancer visual concept map depicting the major stakeholder groups identified in the audience comments. The main stakeholder groups that are identified in this visual concept map are: * Alan Joyce * Employees * Unions * Government * Qantas customers * Australians in general Figure 6: Responsible Stakeholder clusters Based on the information obtained in figure 4, we can take a step further and categorise these major stakeholder groups as either internal or external to the company. As the CEO and head of the Qantas company, Alan Joyce is identified as largely responsible for managerial decisions.Baggage handlers, ground staff and cabin crew are grouped under the stakeholder heading of employees, while the Australian Licenced Engineers Union (ALAEA), the Transport Workers Union (TWU) and the Australian and International Pilots Union (AIPA) are grouped under the sta keholder heading of unions. Finally, the government is also identified as a responsible stakeholder group, with many audience comments citing the role of Julia Gillard, the Labour government and the Fair Work Act in failing to mitigate the industrial dispute. Figure 7: Responsibility JudgementFigure 8 is a visual representation of the crisis emotion that have emerged from our anlaysis of audience comments. This graph is based on the information taken from Leximancer’s insight dashboard about the strength, prominence and frequency of various sentiments. Anger was the predominant emotion that emerged from the data set and was directed toward all stakeholders, particularly ‘unions’ and ‘management’. While ‘sympathy’ emerged as another primary meotion, it was used to express empathy towards workers’ plights while ‘Sorry’ was used in relation to customers, employees, and industrial action. Support’ was also a prodom inant sentiment that emerged and was expressed toward all parties in relatively equal degrees. Figure 8: Audience emotions Due to the informal nature of comments and the variation in sentence structure, it was challenging to isolate behavioural intentions from the data set using the Leximancer software. However, a preliminary manual analysis uncovered a number of trends in consumer’s behavioural intentions. Major findings indicated that of the 4% of comments that implied a behavioural intention, most were negative, while a small number showed positive purchase or investment intentions.Figure 9 shows a cross selection of comments extracted from the data in response to research question 6. This conceptual depiction summarises the main behavioural intentions that emerged from the Qantas crisis. Figure 9: Behavioural intentions Figure 10 is based on a manual analysis of comments over all three news sites, and shows the frequency of behavioural intentions that have emerged from th e data set. The category ‘miscellaneous intentions’ refers to behaviours such as buying shares, venting action, or switching carriers.Figure 10: Behavioural intentions frequency Discussion This case study analysis uncovered a number of key findings that are relevant to crisis communication research. First, our research found that audiences perceived the key contributing factor to the Qantas crisis to be ‘union action’, ‘managerial decisions’, ‘working conditions’ and ‘industrial action’ with the majority of comments attributing the crisis to managerial decisions and union action.When analysing these key causal factors under Weiner’s dimensions of Locus and Controllability, managerial decisions can be interpreted as both internal and controllable to the company while ‘Union Action’ can be seen as both external and uncontrollable. If we analyse ‘working conditions’ in the context of its r elated terms, we can understand that this cause is about employees’ observations of their working conditions and the resulting strikes.In particular, this casual factor is about employees being unhappy with current circumstances and demanding better working conditions from Qantas management. While employees are internal to the company, their objections to their working conditions and the ensuing strikes can be understood as relatively uncontrollable. Finally, ‘industrial action’ in seen within the context of government policy and work place regulation. While the government is external to Qantas, the company’s compliance with government regulations is certainly within management’s control.Therefore we classify this causal concept as both external and controllable. These findings build upon previous research by Coombs (1995) and McDonald et. al. (2010) – that Locus and Controllability can have separate effects on audience’s attribution p rocess and that crises may not only be internal/controllable and external/uncontrollable but also internal /uncontrollable and external /controllable. The second major finding of this research project linked causal attributions to audience’s responsibility judgements.When audiences identified the major causal factor as ‘managerial decisions’ they also tended to attribute blame to Qantas management, in particular to Qantas CEO; Alan Joyce. The resulting emotions that emerged from this attribution were anger towards Qantas management and support for unions and employees. This sentiment is exemplified in the audience comment â€Å"As a QF F of 20+ years †¦ I wish to register my total support for the staff and crew at QF over their current legitimate and understandable attempts to prevent Management from destroying the airline which I hold so dear. This customer is sick and tired of being exploited by senior management and the board. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ABC. net. a u, 2011). These findings are similar to those of Lee’s (2004) who stated that crises that were perceived to be internal (locus) and controllable (controllability) would bring about responsibility judgements aimed towards the company and its managers. Another key trend in the data identified ‘union action’ as the main cause of the crisis. These audience members tended to attribute blame to unions and employees involved in striking action.When union action, which we identified as external and uncontrollable, was attributed as the primary cause of the crisis, audience members tended to respond with anger towards unions and employees and sympathy towards the company and its managers. One example of this is conveyed in the audience’s comment: â€Å"Well done Alan Joyce. Striking is the lowest form of human behaviour in my opinion†¦. I hope all these lazy striking staff lose their jobs and are replaced by hardworking people, †¦ who unlike Qantas emplo yees appreciate their jobs, rather than expect that they are their god given right† (ABC. et. au, 2011). The third major finding in our case study uncovered a number of audience crisis emotions. While we anticipated finding negative audience emotions such as anger and helplessness, we also uncovered a number of positive emotions that expressed support and sympathy towards all stakeholder groups. One such comment that expressed empathy towards the Qantas brand was sourced from the Sydney Morning Herald (2011), â€Å"Qantas made the right decision and any company which has a strong union presence should do the same if their future is threatened by them.The Australian dollar is strong and to remain competitive globally, hard decision must be made. † This leads us to our final major research finding. As could be expected, positive audience emotions were found to be associated with favourable behavioural intentions while negative emotions were found to predict negative purch ase intentions. While 81% of behavioural intentions centred on avoidance, complaint and negative purchase intentions, another 14% of the behavioural intentions indicated that the audience intended to continue flying with Qantas, signifying the audience’s loyalty to the brand.An example of such positive behavioural intentions is evident in the following audience comment from new. com. au: â€Å"I have always flown Qantas and always will, and to those who say they will never fly them again, you know you will let all those FF perks go to waste Good on you Mr Joyce. † (News. com. au, 2011, pp. 8). Although the technical limitations of Leximancer restricted our study, our research project successfully applied Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory to audiences’ attribution process in a real life crisis case.These research findings provide valuable insights into how individuals understand and react to organizational crises in the real world. Knowledge of this type will assist public relations managers in creating effective reputation management strategies in the future. Limitations Although our case study can be considered largely effective, we did encounter several limitations that impeded the progress of our research. Most of the limitations we encountered involved the technical capabilities of Leximancer.Of particular relevance to our content analysis was Leximancer’s inability to comprehend tone and colloquialisms. This meant that a comment that Leximancer identified as positive might actually be a sarcastic remark meant as a negative. We also found that the informal nature of comments was problematic, since there were multiple ways of expressing a particular sentiment. The data set too was limited by the individual news site’s comment system. The anonymity of contributors made it hard to clearly identify an audience member’s level of involvement, unless it was explicitly mentioned in the comment.The anonymity m ay have led to audience responses phrased more assertively and argumentatively than they would have been if they were named. The news sites also censor the time frame of the comments. By identifying the time stamp attached to each comment, future studies could examine how audience crises responses changed over the crises lifecycle. This would be particularly important as it would reflect the dynamic nature of audience’s crisis response (McDonald et. al, 2009) – particularly in this study where the online commentary between the audiences is a highly interactive exchange.Conclusion Based on Yin’s (1994) case study research methods and the theoretical framework of Weiner’s (1986, 1995) Attribution Theory, this research project found that managerial decisions and union action were the two key contributing factors to the 2011 Qantas grounding crisis. We also identified the main responsible stakeholder groups to be Alan Joyce (Qantas management), employees, uni ons and the government. Our findings have shown that the primary crisis emotion that emerged was anger, and that this was targeted primarily towards the management and unions.This was followed by sympathy, which empathized with the worker’s plights, and sorrow which was used in relation to Qantas customers. However, contrary to expectations, â€Å"support† also emerged as a dominant emotion and was expressed towards all stakeholder parties involved in the crisis. These findings suggest that, despite the negative sentiment that has emerged from the grounding crisis, there is still an existing group of passengers who remain loyal to the Qantas brand. Qantas should also take a lesson from these findings in order to better safeguard the interests of their stakeholders in future.This may include being mindful of employee moral and considering the plight of the passengers before taking such drastic measures in the future. Acknowledgments Supervisor: Lyn McDonald Course Coord inator: Aparna Hebbani References ABC News. (2011, October 29). Qantas grounds entire fleet. ABC News. Retrieved from http://www. abc. net. au/news/2011-10-29/qantas-locking-out-staff/3608250 Ackoff, R. L. (1981). Creating the corporate future. New York: John Wiley & Sons Colgan, Paul. (2011, October 31). Qantas Crisis: Who won and who’s to blame? News. com. au. Retrieved from